Cisco Certification: Introduction To ISDN, Part IV

In part III of this ISDN primer, we learned that PPP has two main methods of authentication that Cisco certification candidates need to know how to configure: PAP and CHAP.

PAP has very few advantages over CHAP. PAP passwords are carried over the line in clear-text, which in today's world is a very bad idea. PAP configuration also requires additional configuration with the "ppp pap sent-username" command, so anyone who can see your running configuration can also see the PAP password.

The only advantage PAP has over CHAP is a slim one. With PAP, a different password can be used by the each of the routers involved in the authentication. CHAP requires that the password be the same. Why? We'll see as we examine CHAP authentication.

The First Step to Configuring CHAP

CHAP requires you to configure a username / password combination for any remote device that will be involved in authentication. (We're assuming that the routers have already been configured with their names via the global hostname command.) Both routers will use the password CISCO.

R1:

username R2 password CISCO

int bri0

encapsulation ppp

ppp authentication chap

R2:

username R1 password CISCO

int bri0

encapsulation ppp

ppp authentication chap

Why CHAP Authentication Requires The Same Password On Both Routers

Remember how PAP sends the password over the line in clear-text? CHAP does not actually send the password over the line at all. Instead, CHAP runs a hash algorithm using the password and a random number. It is the result of this hash that is passed over the link. The remote router receives the hash result, and runs the exact same algorithm. If the result is the same, the authentication attempt will be successful. If the result is different, the authentication will fail. For this reason, the passwords must be the same.

Debug The Connection If Authentication Fails

Since two passwords are involved, the chances of one of the passwords being mistyped doubles. If you configure CHAP and the link dials but drops almost immediately, there's an authentication problem. Run debug ppp negotiation and attempt to dial the line again. The output of this particular debug will show you where the problem is.

Chris Bryant, CCIE (TM) #12933, has been active in the Cisco certification community for years. He has written several books that have helped CCNA candidates around the world achieve the coveted CCNA certification, including several concentrating on binary math conversions and subnetting questions that the average CCNA candidate will need to answer on their CCNA exams.

He is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com) where he teaches affordable world-class CCNA courses via the Internet, and sells his popular Cisco certification books. Heā??s proud to have helped CCNA candidates around the world achieve their career goals. Mr. Bryantā??s books and courses are sold on his site, on eBay, and on several other major Cisco certification sites.

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Traditionally we were considering functionally rich systems, such as SAP, Oracle Financials, PeopleSoft, JDEdwards as the fit for large publicly traded corporation. There might be multiple opinions for the future corporate ERP/MRP systems.

Microsoft CRM Integration with Microsoft Retail Management System (RMS) - Overview
Microsoft Client Relation Management system (Microsoft CRM) and Microsoft RMS are both Microsoft SQL Server based applications, however historically Microsoft was purchasing industry leading software applications, such as QuickSell which is now Microsoft RMS. So, RMS design fundamentals were minted a long time before Microsoft CRM.

Google Brings the Earth to Your Desktop
Google Inc. has launched a new software package that allows you to see satellite images on your desktop.

5 Easy File Management Tips in Microsoft Word
How many steps does it take you to locate and open your Word documents? Try these tricks to streamline how you find and open the files you use most often:Opening DocumentsWith a variety of choices, how do you open a file? Here are the standards plus several keyboard shortcuts:? File > Open? Open toolbar button (usually 2nd from the left on the Standard toolbar)? [Ctrl] + O? [Ctrl] + F12? [Ctrl] + [Alt] + F2Selecting More Than One FileOnce you are in the Open dialog box, select more than one file to open:? To select nonadjacent files in the Open dialog box, click one file, and then hold down [Ctrl] and click each additional file.? To select adjacent files in the Open dialog box, click the first file in the sequence, and then hold down [Shift] and click the last file.

Lotus Domino Implementation and Development: Infrastructure - Present and Future
Domino server is a buffer between the operation system and the application. On the other hand Domino server - consists of the services which support development processing and executing of dynamic, secure applications for Internet, Intranet, or Extranet.

Increase Office Efficiency With One Simple Tool
When you need a phone number, you do a quick search on the Internet and in a few seconds, you've got the information you need. And you probably receive a lot of contact information right inside the emails you receive every day.

Crystal Reports For Microsoft RMS - Overview For Developer/Report Designer
If you are software developer or database administrator - we would like to give you the clues on Crystal Report creation for Microsoft RMSDatabase: Microsoft SQL Server or MSDE - this means that you can deploy native SQL driver for connection or use ODBC for flexibility. Tables Structure - it is extremely self-explanatory: Customer, Transaction (invoices, returns, layaways and others), TransactionAmount, Cashier, Tender to give you examples Links - Usually master table has ID column and Transaction-related table links by [Entity]ID column: Transaction.

Inherent Dangers Of File Sharing Via The Internet.
Cyberspace has opened up a new frontier with exciting possibilities of "File Sharing." We can explore any interest imaginable and research any topic of choice.

Why do Manufacturers Invest in Business Management Software?
With many manufacturing shops heading over seas in favor of lower cost, it is tough to compete in today's marketplace. As a result, the goal for manufactures who want to compete going forward is to run leaner, faster and more accurately.

Getting Patched with Windows Service Pack
Are you one of those people that keeps track of recalls, just in case one of your most recent purchases gets recalled? Well, some of us do, but many of us don't.For those of us who don't keep up with recalls in general, it's just as easy to be unaware of the fact that Microsoft Windows offers us this wonderful service called a Service Pack, which is essentially a recall service for Microsoft Windows.

Free PDF Publishing Software
In a previous article, I wrote about OpenOffice which an excellent suite of Free Office software which is in the Public Domain.What I did not know is that the Writer (word processing) program creates PDF files too.

XML Parser and Their Types
XML parser is a software module to read documents and a means to provide access to their content. XML parser generates a structured tree to return the results to the browser.

Anti-Virus Software
Anti-virus software is used to find, remove or fix files that are infected with computer viruses. Most anti-virus companies release weekly updates of their databases to help keep you safe.

Groupware: What Works the Way Businesses Do?
GroupwareThe internet is full of 1.5 million to 7 million indexed pages of groupware packages available on the market today.